Rudolf Achleitner (* 1 March 1864 in Salzburg; † 2 December 1909 in Merano) was an Austrian bandleader, conductor, composer and harpist.
Achleitner initially attended commercial school, as he was to pursue a bourgeois career. He later studied at the Mozarteum. His teachers were Professor Lach (music theory) and Joseph Friedrich Hummel. He acquired a certain reputation as a conductor early on. From 1884, he held various positions as conductor, for example in Essegg, Leitmeritz, Innsbruck, Pressburg, Klagenfurt, Landshut and Frankfurt am Main. In summer he was also active in various health resorts. On 1 January 1893, on the recommendation of Carl Michael Ziehrer, Joseph Friedrich Hummel and Franz Eglseer, he took over the position of bandmaster of the corps band of the k. u. k. privat. Citizens’ Corps in Graz. In June of the same year, he moved to the Klagenfurt City Theatre as Kapellmeister under Franz Eglseer. In 1895 the position of military Kapellmeister in the 3rd Regiment of the Tyrolean Kaiserjäger was created. Rudolf Achleitner held this newly created position until his death. The band, which played in wind and string sections as was customary at the time, reached a high level under his direction and frequently performed at concerts and balls organised by private companies, even “simultaneously” in multiple instrumentations. His most successful composition was the “Erzherzog-Ferdinand-Carl-Marsch” (printed in 1902), which was premiered in 1900 at the dance party of the one-year volunteers of the Kaiserjäger Regiment No. 3 at the Hotel Bayrischer Hof in Vienna and begins with the signal of this regiment. Initially stationed in Trento, from 1898 in Vienna, the regiment was transferred with Achleitner to Bolzano from April 1904. On 20 January 1904, he was awarded the Military Cross Second Class of the Royal Order of Leopold (Belgium). He also organised military concerts in Bolzano, such as on 5 March 1905, Carnival Sunday of that year, in the Hotel Greit. On 8 October 1907, he celebrated his twenty-fifth anniversary as a conductor in Bolzano. In April 1909, the regiment was stationed in Rovereto and in November the band was sent to Merano for a month of concerts. Here Achleitner suffered a stroke on 28 November 1908 and died as a result in the municipal hospital in Merano on 2 December 1909 (Death notice: see opposite article).

Rudolf Achleitner became famous for the Tyrolean Eagle March (original: Archduke Ferdinand Karl March) and the Seyffertitz March as well as the song Mein Herz dem Land Tirol.